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Fixed-Base Dual-Arm Humanoid Robot with Tendon-Driven Dexterous Hands. 13 DOF, Orin Nano 40 TOPS, biomimetic actuation, binocular vision & full-stack open SDK. For cutting-edge tendon-driven manipulation research.
R1-A5 Smart H — fixed-base humanoid with tendon-driven dexterous hands for biomimetic manipulation research
The R1-A5 Smart H is the flagship fixed-base configuration, featuring tendon-driven dexterous hands — the most biomimetic actuation technology in the R1-A5 lineup. Unlike motor-in-finger designs, tendon-driven mechanisms route actuation power through flexible cables, enabling lighter fingers, higher power-to-weight ratios, and compliance that closely mimics human musculotendinous systems. Combined with the built-in Orin Nano 40 TOPS, Smart H is the platform of choice for researchers in biomimetic robotics, neuroscience-inspired control, and cutting-edge dexterous manipulation.
The tendon-driven dexterous hands on Smart H represent a fundamentally different approach to robotic actuation. Rather than placing motors inside each finger, actuators are located in the forearm and power is transmitted through flexible tendon cables — exactly like human muscles and tendons. This architecture delivers three critical advantages: lighter fingers for faster motion and lower inertia; inherent compliance that absorbs impacts and adapts to object geometry; and variable stiffness that can be tuned from rigid precision grasping to soft compliant contact. For researchers in biomimetic robotics, neuroscience, and bio-inspired control, this is the closest mechanical analog to human hand anatomy available in the R1-A5 platform.
Tendon-driven dexterous hands with cable-driven biomimetic actuation
Smart H is designed for researchers who study biological motion and translate it to robotics. The tendon-driven architecture enables experiments in variable impedance control, antagonistic muscle-like actuation, and stiffness modulation — control strategies directly inspired by human neuromuscular systems. The compliance inherent in cable transmission makes the hands naturally safe for physical human-robot interaction, while the high power-to-weight ratio enables dynamic, athletic finger motions that rigid motor-in-finger designs struggle to replicate. Combined with the Orin Nano 40 TOPS for real-time biomimetic control policy execution, Smart H bridges neuroscience and robotics engineering.
The built-in NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano delivers 40 TOPS of AI compute, handling the complex dynamics of tendon-driven systems, visual perception from the head binocular camera, and reinforcement learning policies for biomimetic control. Run variable impedance controllers, antagonistic actuation networks, and bio-inspired grasping algorithms locally with sub-millisecond latency. No external GPU server, no cloud dependency — just plug in power and start training.
A binocular camera head delivers a 146° × 124° field of view with a 60 mm stereo baseline. RGB streams at 1280×720@30 Hz and depth at 544×448@10 Hz give the R1-A5 true spatial awareness. Paired with an 8-core high-performance CPU + 10 TOPS NPU in the head module, plus the Orin Nano 40 TOPS body compute, it runs visual SLAM, object detection, and gesture recognition locally — no cloud required.
Four-array beamforming microphones and dual 3 W speakers enable clear voice capture and synthesis in noisy labs or classrooms. The open audio framework supports custom wake words, multilingual TTS, and integration with LLMs for conversational command-and-control.
At just 700 × 357 × 190 mm and approximately 11 kg, the R1-A5 Smart H fits on a standard lab bench or classroom desk. The fixed-base design eliminates footprint concerns while delivering full upper-body humanoid kinematics with biomimetic tendon-driven dexterity. Power via the included external supply — an optional upper-body Li-ion battery is available for ~1.5 hours of untethered operation.
Compact 11 kg fixed-base design — deploy on any desk or lab bench
Unitree provides a mature, Linux-based robot development framework with open APIs for the underlying system, robotic arms, audio, lighting, and visual control. ROS 2 native support, dual encoders on every arm joint, and hollow internal wiring make the R1-A5 Smart H a clean slate for reinforcement learning, teleoperation research, embodied AI, and biomimetic manipulation studies. The built-in Orin Nano 40 TOPS handles model training and inference for tendon-driven control policies without external hardware.
Smart H is the flagship fixed-base configuration. Expand further with platform-level upgrades:
Upgrade from Smart H (fixed base) to R1-A5-D (mobile base) as your research scales
| Model | Unitree R1-A5 Smart H (Fixed Base) |
| Dimensions | 700 × 357 × 190 mm |
| Weight | ~11 kg (with external PSU) |
| Total DOF | 13 (Arm 5×2, Waist 1, Head 2) |
| Arm Reach | 420 mm (forearm + upper arm) |
| Peak Shoulder Torque | 60 Nm |
| Max Arm Payload | ~2 kg (posture-dependent) |
| End-Effector Precision | ±0.1 mm |
| End Effectors | Tendon-driven dexterous hands with biomimetic cable actuation (both arms) |
| Actuation Architecture | Tendon-driven (cable-actuated) with remote forearm-mounted actuators mimicking human musculotendinous system |
| Key Advantages | Lightweight fingers, inherent compliance, variable stiffness, high power-to-weight ratio, natural impact absorption |
| Vision | Binocular camera — RGB 1280×720@30 Hz, Depth 544×448@10 Hz, FOV 146°×124° |
| Head Compute | 8-core high-performance CPU + 10 TOPS NPU |
| Body Compute | 8-core high-performance CPU |
| Onboard AI Compute | NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano 40 TOPS (built-in) |
| Audio | 4-array microphone + dual 3 W speakers |
| Connectivity | Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.2, OTA updates |
| Power | External DC PSU included (optional Li-ion battery, ~1.5 h) |
| SDK & Interfaces | Linux-based framework, ROS 2, open APIs for arm/audio/vision/lighting |
| Controllers | Standard dual-hand controllers included |
| Warranty | 12 months on the entire unit |
Every configuration shares the same R1-A5 body — the difference is the end effector. Choose the one that matches your research goals:
| Config | Hand | Features |
|---|---|---|
| Smart A | Dex1-1 V2 | Entry-level parallel grippers, Orin Nano 40 TOPS |
| Smart B | Dex3-1 (RGB) | 3-finger dexterous hand with wrist RGB camera |
| Smart C | Dex3-1 Tactile (RGB) | 3-finger hand with tactile sensors + wrist RGB camera |
| Smart D | BrainCo Revo 2 Basic (RGB) | 5-finger anthropomorphic hand with wrist RGB camera |
| Smart E | BrainCo Revo 2 Tactile (RGB) | 5-finger hand with tactile sensors + wrist RGB camera |
| Smart F | LinkerBot O6 (RGB) | 6-DOF dexterous hand with wrist RGB camera |
| Smart G | LinkerBot O6 Tactile (RGB) | 6-DOF hand with tactile sensors + wrist RGB camera |
| Smart H | Tendon-driven dexterous hand | Advanced tendon-driven mechanism for research-grade dexterity |
* Specifications are based on manufacturer data and may vary slightly by production batch. Optional battery, compute module, and alternative end effectors sold separately.
Unitree® is a registered trademark of Unitree Robotics. Images are for reference; actual product appearance may differ.
Users must maintain a sufficient safety distance. This is a civilian robot — comply with local laws and regulations.
Fixed-Base Dual-Arm Humanoid Robot with Tendon-Driven Dexterous Hands. 13 DOF, Orin Nano 40 TOPS, biomimetic actuation, binocular vision & full-stack open SDK. For cutting-edge tendon-driven manipulation research.
R1-A5 Smart H — fixed-base humanoid with tendon-driven dexterous hands for biomimetic manipulation research
The R1-A5 Smart H is the flagship fixed-base configuration, featuring tendon-driven dexterous hands — the most biomimetic actuation technology in the R1-A5 lineup. Unlike motor-in-finger designs, tendon-driven mechanisms route actuation power through flexible cables, enabling lighter fingers, higher power-to-weight ratios, and compliance that closely mimics human musculotendinous systems. Combined with the built-in Orin Nano 40 TOPS, Smart H is the platform of choice for researchers in biomimetic robotics, neuroscience-inspired control, and cutting-edge dexterous manipulation.
The tendon-driven dexterous hands on Smart H represent a fundamentally different approach to robotic actuation. Rather than placing motors inside each finger, actuators are located in the forearm and power is transmitted through flexible tendon cables — exactly like human muscles and tendons. This architecture delivers three critical advantages: lighter fingers for faster motion and lower inertia; inherent compliance that absorbs impacts and adapts to object geometry; and variable stiffness that can be tuned from rigid precision grasping to soft compliant contact. For researchers in biomimetic robotics, neuroscience, and bio-inspired control, this is the closest mechanical analog to human hand anatomy available in the R1-A5 platform.
Tendon-driven dexterous hands with cable-driven biomimetic actuation
Smart H is designed for researchers who study biological motion and translate it to robotics. The tendon-driven architecture enables experiments in variable impedance control, antagonistic muscle-like actuation, and stiffness modulation — control strategies directly inspired by human neuromuscular systems. The compliance inherent in cable transmission makes the hands naturally safe for physical human-robot interaction, while the high power-to-weight ratio enables dynamic, athletic finger motions that rigid motor-in-finger designs struggle to replicate. Combined with the Orin Nano 40 TOPS for real-time biomimetic control policy execution, Smart H bridges neuroscience and robotics engineering.
The built-in NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano delivers 40 TOPS of AI compute, handling the complex dynamics of tendon-driven systems, visual perception from the head binocular camera, and reinforcement learning policies for biomimetic control. Run variable impedance controllers, antagonistic actuation networks, and bio-inspired grasping algorithms locally with sub-millisecond latency. No external GPU server, no cloud dependency — just plug in power and start training.
A binocular camera head delivers a 146° × 124° field of view with a 60 mm stereo baseline. RGB streams at 1280×720@30 Hz and depth at 544×448@10 Hz give the R1-A5 true spatial awareness. Paired with an 8-core high-performance CPU + 10 TOPS NPU in the head module, plus the Orin Nano 40 TOPS body compute, it runs visual SLAM, object detection, and gesture recognition locally — no cloud required.
Four-array beamforming microphones and dual 3 W speakers enable clear voice capture and synthesis in noisy labs or classrooms. The open audio framework supports custom wake words, multilingual TTS, and integration with LLMs for conversational command-and-control.
At just 700 × 357 × 190 mm and approximately 11 kg, the R1-A5 Smart H fits on a standard lab bench or classroom desk. The fixed-base design eliminates footprint concerns while delivering full upper-body humanoid kinematics with biomimetic tendon-driven dexterity. Power via the included external supply — an optional upper-body Li-ion battery is available for ~1.5 hours of untethered operation.
Compact 11 kg fixed-base design — deploy on any desk or lab bench
Unitree provides a mature, Linux-based robot development framework with open APIs for the underlying system, robotic arms, audio, lighting, and visual control. ROS 2 native support, dual encoders on every arm joint, and hollow internal wiring make the R1-A5 Smart H a clean slate for reinforcement learning, teleoperation research, embodied AI, and biomimetic manipulation studies. The built-in Orin Nano 40 TOPS handles model training and inference for tendon-driven control policies without external hardware.
Smart H is the flagship fixed-base configuration. Expand further with platform-level upgrades:
Upgrade from Smart H (fixed base) to R1-A5-D (mobile base) as your research scales
| Model | Unitree R1-A5 Smart H (Fixed Base) |
| Dimensions | 700 × 357 × 190 mm |
| Weight | ~11 kg (with external PSU) |
| Total DOF | 13 (Arm 5×2, Waist 1, Head 2) |
| Arm Reach | 420 mm (forearm + upper arm) |
| Peak Shoulder Torque | 60 Nm |
| Max Arm Payload | ~2 kg (posture-dependent) |
| End-Effector Precision | ±0.1 mm |
| End Effectors | Tendon-driven dexterous hands with biomimetic cable actuation (both arms) |
| Actuation Architecture | Tendon-driven (cable-actuated) with remote forearm-mounted actuators mimicking human musculotendinous system |
| Key Advantages | Lightweight fingers, inherent compliance, variable stiffness, high power-to-weight ratio, natural impact absorption |
| Vision | Binocular camera — RGB 1280×720@30 Hz, Depth 544×448@10 Hz, FOV 146°×124° |
| Head Compute | 8-core high-performance CPU + 10 TOPS NPU |
| Body Compute | 8-core high-performance CPU |
| Onboard AI Compute | NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano 40 TOPS (built-in) |
| Audio | 4-array microphone + dual 3 W speakers |
| Connectivity | Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.2, OTA updates |
| Power | External DC PSU included (optional Li-ion battery, ~1.5 h) |
| SDK & Interfaces | Linux-based framework, ROS 2, open APIs for arm/audio/vision/lighting |
| Controllers | Standard dual-hand controllers included |
| Warranty | 12 months on the entire unit |
Every configuration shares the same R1-A5 body — the difference is the end effector. Choose the one that matches your research goals:
| Config | Hand | Features |
|---|---|---|
| Smart A | Dex1-1 V2 | Entry-level parallel grippers, Orin Nano 40 TOPS |
| Smart B | Dex3-1 (RGB) | 3-finger dexterous hand with wrist RGB camera |
| Smart C | Dex3-1 Tactile (RGB) | 3-finger hand with tactile sensors + wrist RGB camera |
| Smart D | BrainCo Revo 2 Basic (RGB) | 5-finger anthropomorphic hand with wrist RGB camera |
| Smart E | BrainCo Revo 2 Tactile (RGB) | 5-finger hand with tactile sensors + wrist RGB camera |
| Smart F | LinkerBot O6 (RGB) | 6-DOF dexterous hand with wrist RGB camera |
| Smart G | LinkerBot O6 Tactile (RGB) | 6-DOF hand with tactile sensors + wrist RGB camera |
| Smart H | Tendon-driven dexterous hand | Advanced tendon-driven mechanism for research-grade dexterity |
* Specifications are based on manufacturer data and may vary slightly by production batch. Optional battery, compute module, and alternative end effectors sold separately.
Unitree® is a registered trademark of Unitree Robotics. Images are for reference; actual product appearance may differ.
Users must maintain a sufficient safety distance. This is a civilian robot — comply with local laws and regulations.
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